Safari Launching Itself?

I haven’t used Safari for a long time, there was a point when something was changed and I switched to a mix of Firefox and Orion.
On my M2 MBAir with 15.2 Sequioa I am finding the Safari icon on the Cmd - Tab app switcher bar almost every day without knowingly launcing it.
It is not set as my default browser and is not in the Dock so I don’t know how I can be launching it. It doesn’t become an active in-foreground app with a window when it launches.
Any ideas how to prevent it from launching or what could silently launch it?

Did you subscribe to notifications from some web site? That might cause it to background-launch in order to receive and present these notifications.

Check to see if you have any website notifications and remove anything you find. See if that changes anything.

See also: How To Disable Safari Notifications On MacOS

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Thanks for the idea @Shamino , I checked the link instructions and I already had no notifications allowed and allow to ask unchecked.
While in the Websites Settings I checked the other… whatever they’re called, modules or what, along the left side and all were ‘turned off’ as I would put it but the language and positive/negative varies.

It seems to be quite difficult to identify “start up” items with macOS these days. For example Carbon Copy Cloner is there whenever my Macbook Air boots up (but cannot find a destination disk!) and I cannot find a setting/file to disable this.

Firefox is my default browser, but if I click a link in an e-mail, sometimes Mail passes that request on to Safari and not Firefox. Don’t know why that happens.

@mpainesyd , look in “Login Items & Extensions” in Mac’s Settings, the section “Open at Login” might be what you’re looking for.
In CCC v7 Settings, the “Dashboard” tab allow user to start Dashboard on login or not.
Hope that helps!

@drmoss_ca I see that in Reeder App I think, although I’d set a default browser other than Safari it was for while opening links in Safari, so I think this is not unusual these day as software gets more complex.
I am used to the activated App from a link opening in the foreground though, or at least having a window open.
The oddity I’m seeing is that I only notice Safari is running when I see it in the App Switcher, and if I switch do it, it has no open windows.
Maybe I can set up a Shortcut or something to play a unique or annoying sound when Safari launches so I can better analyze what’s going on. Hmph.

Just noticed it running again without knowingly launching it.
Empty Untitled window open. History page empty.
Sigh.

Ah - it (CCC) was there, listed in Login Items & Extensions. Thank you. I see your Safari issue is not resolved.

I have had a similar experience for a long time. I even tried the Level 2 clean install (there’s a thread on that). It didn’t resolve it, and it still happens from time to time. My feeling is that something triggers it and Safari relaunches several times over a period, but then it goes quiet for a while. I think that manually starting Safari is one of the triggers. I’ve just given up trying to fix it and just live with it.

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I just spent about 15 minutes looking in Shortcuts App to see if there was a way for the Mac to do something when Safari launches, like make a sound, flash the screen etc. but couldn’t find it.
I thought I had made one on an iPad, to play a sound when power was plugged in, I don’t remember what those things are called though, so couldn’t find it on the Mac version of Shortcuts and the Help files got too technical for my level.