It does. It also, of course, increases your risk of being locked in to iCloud Keychain.
If it’s anything like the Chrome functionality it should also allow third-party password managers relying on the native autofill functionality to benefit. That’s my hope, anyway. FWIW I just got done breaking out of iCloud Keychain when moving to Strongbox, a laborious and manual process because passkey export is simply not supported, but I now have all my passkeys under my control, and Safari, Chrome and (soon, hopefully) Firefox will use the stored passkeys.