@mjtsai also weighed in on this, noting that he can’t see any rhyme nor reason to why some bugs he reports are fixed and others aren’t.
https://mjtsai.com/blog/2021/02/18/why-reporting-bugs-to-apple-may-harm-software-quality/
If a reported bug is critical, can we expect it to be fixed in 10 days from being reported, and released in the just immediately next beta?
Or does a bug get fixed and released only after around 2 months?
You and I have absolutely no way of knowing. Apple doesn’t publish their procedures for things like this.
We can assume, however, that they prioritize bugs based on how critical their engineers and managers consider them. The most critical bugs (security, bugs that affect system stability or data integrity) will get fixed pretty quckly - either as a part of the next system update or a special mid-update patch.
Other bugs will get either rolled into the next scheduled update or may be put on hold until the next major OS version (e.g. if it changes the user interface).