As it turns out, Apple fixed this with 16.4, at least if you have a trusted phone number and more than one trusted device. It used to be you could do a certain set of actions that would allow you to change the password even with the screen time passcode block (I won’t list them.) But with 16.4 Apple now requires you to confirm a trusted phone number, and then requires you to use another trusted device to actually change the password.
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