Just to clarify: even on macOS you cannot really get rid of the badges. You can delay the nagging far into the future (indefinitely if you like). And if you replace System Settings in the dock with an alias to it you will hide the badge, but to my knowledge there is still no way to permanently get rid of that *%!# badge.
It’s really bad design. And you’re absolutely jutified to be annoyed about it. But as a recent thread on the topic concluded, this is where we stand today. And as long as Apple doesn’t put their users’ experience above their marketers’ bad urges, this will be the situation we have to live with.